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第十二章　分枝杆菌

　　分枝杆菌属(Mycobacterium)是一类细长或稍弯的杆菌,因有分枝生长的趋势而得名。此菌属的最显著的特性为其胞壁中含有大量类脂，可达菌体干重的40%左右，故生长形成粗糙的畏水性菌落，而且也难以用一般染料染色。然而若设法使之着色后，又不易以含菌有3%HCI的酒精脱色。这种能抵抗盐酸酒精脱色的细菌称为抗酸杆菌。本菌属种类颇多，有致病性非致病性两大类。引起人类中的疾病中：（1）人型和牛型结核杆菌和几种非典型分枝杆菌所致的感染；（2）麻风病。这些感染多数为慢性感染过程，长期迁延，并有破坏性的组织病变。

 

　


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