单词与词组   Words and phrases

    ①transition   n. 转变

    ②interdependence   n. 互相依赖

    ③nutrition    n. 营养

    ④inadequate    n. 不适当的

    ⑤traumatic    a. 创伤的

    ⑥deter   v. 阻止  

    ⑦autonomy    n. 自主 

    ⑧actualization   n. 实现

    ⑨cope   v. 处理

    ⑩hang on to    v. 紧紧握住 

    ⑾repress   v. 压制 

    ⑿channel   v. 引导

    Although people are born to win, they are also born helpless and totally dependent on their environment. Winners successfully make the transition① from total helplessness to independence and then to interdependence②. Losers do not. Somewhere along the line they begin to avoid becoming self-responsible.

    尽管成功立业的能力与生俱来，人们出生之际也是无助的，完完全全地依赖环境而生存。成功者顺利地从完全的无助过渡到自立，接着再过渡到人际间的相互依存。失败者则不然。在这一过程的某一环节上，他们开始不愿对自己负责。

    Few people are total winners or losers. Most of them are winners in some areas of their lives and losers in others. Their winning or losing is influenced by what happens to them in childhood.

    很少有人是完全的成功者或失败者。大多数人在人生的某些方面是成功者，而在另外一些方面则是失败者。人的成功和失败与童年的经历有关。

    A lack of response to dependency needs, poor nutrition③, brutality, unhappy relationships, disease, continuing disappointments, inadequate④ physical care, and traumatic⑤ events are among the many experiences that contribute to making people losers. 

    诸如婴幼儿时期无人照顾，营养不良，受到虐待，不良的人际关系，疾病，接踵而至的挫折，不良的医疗条件造成心灵创痛的事件等，这一切经历都可能导致人生的失败。

    Such experiences interrupt, deter⑥, or prevent the normal progress toward autonomy⑦ and self-actualization⑧. To cope⑨ with negative experiences a child learns to manipulate himself and others. These manipulative techniques are hard to give up later in life and often become set patterns. A winner works to shed them. A loser hangs on to⑩ them.

    这些经历中断、延缓或阻碍了走向自立和自我实现的正常进程。在应付负面经历的过程中，小孩子学会了操纵自己和他人。这些操纵性手腕在成年后很难弃绝，常常变成顽固的习性，成功者竭力弃绝这种习性，而失败者深陷其中，难以自拔。

    A loser represses⑾ his capacity to express spontaneously and appropriately his full range of possible behavior. He may be unaware of other options for his life if the path he chooses goes nowhere. He is afraid to try new things. He maintains his own status. He is a repeater. He repeats not only his mistakes, but also those of his family and culture.

    失败者压抑自己以自然而得体的方式灵活行事的能力。他选择的道路是条死胡同，他不明白人生中还有其他许多选择。他不敢进行新的尝试。他维持着现状。他只在原地踏步，不仅重复着自己的错误，而且重复着他的家庭和本民族的错误。

    A loser has difficulty giving and receiving affection. He does not enter into intimate, honest, direct relationships with others. Instead, he tries to manipulate them into living up to his expectations and channels⑿ his energies into living up to their expectations.

    失败者难以表达或接受爱意。他从不与他人建立亲密、诚实而直率的关系。反之，他试图操纵他人，希望他人不辜负他的期望，而自己也竭力去迎合他人的期望。